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Cejiao

Columns are not vertical. Cejiao specifies the columns' deviation from vertical. This is one of the sources of curvature in the structural frame (shengqi and juzhe are the others) and thus contributes to the curve of the roof. It will be easier to construct a model if you assume that the columns are all vertical, but you will not achieve the intended optical effect.

The corner columns are slanted away from the vertical and towards the centre of the building by a factor of 8/1000 in the long elevation and 1/100 in the short elevation. We assume that the slants of the other columns are interpolated in some way. One possibility is to have the centre lines of all columns meet in the intersection of centre lines of the corner columns. See the illustration in Liang (1984, 259).

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